Black Walnut Harvesting

American Black Walnut - July 2015

Back in March and April (2105), when all of the trees had begun to leaf out, this one lone tree in the middle of the pasture remained leafless.  Earlier in the winter, my husband had cut vines as thick as my wrist from around her.  As all the other trees stirred to life, we thought that perhaps we were to late in rescuing her from the strangling vines.  By May, however, she began to leaf out, and as Summer brought warm rains and sunshine, she came into her own.  By July we knew she was going to gift us with many gallons of walnuts.

In less than 5 minutes I had gathered a 5 gallon bucket full.
There are at least 15 more gallons from her, and twice as much from her sister.

Fast forward to Autumn:  October has been cool and drizzly so far.  Portents of winter, but also the harbinger of garlic planting season and the walnut harvest.  I donned a sweat shirt, shorts, and mucky boots (after all, I'm from Northern Nevada, and it wasn't that cold), and headed out to try my hand at preparing walnuts.  Native North American Black Walnuts, to be exact.  I had watched my YouTube videos and read various blog posts, and now I was finally going to do it.

Being too lazy to find my small hammer, I substituted my small crescent wrench.

I only harvested a small 5 gallon bucket of fallen walnuts, and I was pretty sure I could process those by hand.  I had seen a video where the hulls were tapped all around with a hammer and then twisted off of the hard shell.  This seemed like an easy, no stress, low tech way to spend a Saturday afternoon on the back porch looking out at the drizzle.  Since I couldn't find my small hammer, I convinced myself that the back of a crescent wrench head was probably a better shape for mashing walnut husks, anyway.  And, indeed, it worked well.  As walnut juices stain, I was forewarned, and wore heavy dish washing gloves.  I listened to some TED talks and got into the rhythm of tap-tap-tap and twist.  I got to where I could hull one in less than half a minute.

After hulling 5 gallons of walnuts, the husks still added up to nearly 5 gallons.

Hulling the walnuts takes off the husk and most of the "fruit," but the walnuts are still covered in a fair amount of gunky stuff.  I can see where pressure washing them might make the final cleaning much easier than the method I used, but walnut husks and leaves contain juglone, and juglone prevents other plants from growing.  So I used the wash 'em in a bucket method and scrub 'em with a wire bristled grill brush.  I poured the resulting black water and sludge where I did not want anything to grow.  While husking 5 gallons of walnuts by hand was not a major ordeal, hand cleaning was.  Definitely going to look for a better method of washing them.

 

5 gallon bucket of un-husked walnuts equals one large mixing bowl of shell-on nuts.

All and all, I spent four hours to get on mixing bowl full of nuts.  And I haven't even shelled them yet.  They will need to hang out and dry for a few to several weeks, depending on temperature and humidity before I can crack them and find out what the actual harvest will be.  Still, even though I need a method that will scale, I'm pretty happy with this modest haul.

Can't wait for them to dry so I can crack some open and eat them!

Fruit Tree Planting & General Update

It's been exciting watching the trees and weeds "wake up" enough for me to begin to identify them.  The bare tree in the backyard has turned out to be a lovely deciduous magnolia.  There are many blooms on the north side, and I think that is because that is where the sun strikes it most.  Many crossed branches and a perennial vine growing through.  It looks healthy, but definitely can use some TLC.

Deciduous Magnolias in their full glory.

Center of a Deciduous Magnolia.

The Driveway Trees, as I call them, are currently nearing peak bloom; however, as I snapped these pictures last week, they were just barely starting to bloom.  Some tiny red leaves are also emerging.  This is definitely not a "Smoke Tree" - but I don't know what it is, yet.  My $1 used book store Trees of North America field guide is going to get a work-out!

Blooms are barely as big as my thumbnail.

Driveway Trees.

Adding to the delightful surprises of Spring - woodland daffodils!  Somewhere along the line, someone loved this place enough to plant a clump of daffodils at the edge of the woods.

Never truly Spring until the Daffodils have sprung!

Tomatoes, peppers, herbs, and willow & hybrid poplar cuttings have been outside during the day both yesterday and today.  Some didn't make it inside tonight because of - spiders!  One jumped out at me while I was situating a tray back onto my shelf.  Sorry, panicked and killed it.  Another on raised it's pedipalps at me when I went to pick up a tray.  I was paying more attention to that tray, after having panicked at the one in the house.  I left that tray alone. It's supposed to stay in the high 50's tonight, so probably everyone should have stayed outside, anyway.  Gave all the plant babies a good drink of water.  Some are in, some not.  Going to dip into freezing territory at night later this week, however, so I will need to do something to de-spider them before bringing all of the plant babies inside.  Currently 56*F at 11:30 at night.

Warm tomatoes are happy tomatoes.

Planted out trees!  Yay!

Row 1 -  Hardired Nectarine  -  Grand Gala Apple  -  Carolina Bell Peach

Row 2 -  September Wonder Fuji Apple  -  a slab of rock  -  Granny Smith Apple

This list of trees does vary somewhat from the original plan; however, one needs to be flexible and take advantage of pricing and specials.  Ordered 5 trees to start.  Both for budgetary reasons, and because the ground is not really ready for tree planting.  These are planted in the least optimal conditions: separated, in the middle of an open field, no wood mulch, pretty much water logged pure clay.  We did choose the highest points in the field to plant them, and I did plant clover and peas around them.  Hopefully I will be able to get a load of free mulch/compost from the city this week, and mulch around them.  I will be planting daffodil and maybe garlic in a circle around each tree this fall, as well as providing them with beans for nitrogen fixing during the summer.  Beginning of the food forest...

Doesn't look like much now, but just you wait a few years!

 That does look suspiciously like Red Georgia Clay under that mulch of weeds...

Food Forest Dreaming

Plans and more plans.  I'm sure this isn't the final plan, either.  But, still, good entertainment while I am still house bound with this dastardly cold.

Year One, of course, we have a lot to do, and probably not enough time or money to do things with, so going to start with a few fruit trees and a small, sunny garden (orange areas).  Also, going to need to observe the shady (blue) area cast by mature trees directly to the west of that area.  Not sure what to do with it yet; however, hoping a year of observation will help.  Everything will need to be planted on raised beds due to the 50-60 inches of rain that we get a year, so in addition to the raised beds for the garden and the first fruit trees, will also build the raised berms for additional trees and beds and cover crop them with a variety of clovers and bush beans.

For the trees, I am envisioning

• Remove top soil where the trees will be
• Dig shallow trench - 1-2 feet deep
• Fill trench with thin branches, wood chips, and trench soil
• Build mound up about 2 ft tall and 5-6 feet wide
• Replace topsoil
• Plant to cover crop
• When planting trees, put card board around them and mulch
• Put tree protectors
• Stake for the first year

Year 1 - Shape Beds & Plant 9 fruit trees

First Year Trees to include all of our favorites, as it will take 2-4 years for them to begin producing. 
Apple - Fuji September Wonder - Semi-Dwarf - Ripens Sept
Nectarine - Hardired - Standard - August
Apricot - Goldcot - Dwarf - Early July
Apple - Royal Gala - Semi-Dwarf - Late August
Peach - Carolina Belle - Standard - Mid August
Pear - Moonglow - Standard - Mid August
Apple - Golden Delicious - Semi-Dwarf - Late Sept
Pear - Red Sensation - Standard - Ripens Late August
Apricot - Wilson Delicious - Standard - Ripens Early July

Still need to research what guilds well with these trees.  If possible, year one, build all the beds that need to be built using tractor so don't need to bring the tractor in again.  The sunny (orange) areas will continue to be the yearly vegetable garden.

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Year Two, continue adding trees, but also add berry bushes to the various trees to begin rounding out their guilds.  Continue to chop and drop cover crops and to add mulch.

Still not sure what to do with the shady area.  After year 4 or so, it will get shade from both the East and the West.  Not sure what to do with it.  Could that become a plant propagation area?  Also, perhaps there will be enough sunlight for greens - lettuces, spinach, cabbage, kale, bok choi and the like.  Do I see snails and slugs in my future?  Hopefully an army of Robins will move in and keep the place slug free.

The sunny beds (orange) to the North are 15 feet long - almost 200 feet.  And then the fence line - that will be mostly sun for the first several years, with the lower Eastern side eventually getting more shade.  Should be enough for a home garden.  Not so sure about enough for a market garden.  The shade beds in between where future trees will go will be sunny places to plant on while waiting for trees.  Even the tree berms can be planted to row crops during this time.

Year 2 - Add 8 More Trees

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Year Three still adding lots of trees.  But the plan gets more fuzzy as we look out over time...

Year 3 - 8 More Trees

Year 4 - First trees should be producing; Add 8 more trees

A decision in years 4 - 5 will need to be made concerning adding the last two rows of trees.  If I don't add them, will there be enough sunlight to continue growing row crops there?

Year 5 - First 2 sets of trees should be producing - Add 6 more trees.

Year 6 - Many trees should be producing; Add the last of the main trees

Year 7 - Most trees producing; add additional trees to fill in gaps

Beginnings of a Tree Planting Plan

The initial set of trees.

Planning.  Did I mention that Planning is a favorite hobby of mine?  This plan will probably change 3, 4, 5, 20 times before we actually planting anything; however, it makes for good entertainment on a cold, Winter's night.

Purpose of these plantings will be to 1) screen the neighbors so we can pretend we are in the middle of nowhere, 2) provide future firewood for when we put in a fireplace in the next few years, 3) drain the boggy soggy area in the lower left area, 4) provide some pretty spring flowers along the driveway.  What is not pictured here are the location of the 6 or so fruit trees that I will plant during the fall of 2015.  And ditto for the blueberry and raspberries that will go in, also.  I will be busy enough with observations and filling out an overall plan for this property that I won't be ready to start my "food forest" until fall.  That's a better tree planting time, anyway, for things that I will actually put some care into. 

Key

• Large Olive Circle: The Weeping Willow that my husband has been wanting for at least 15 years
• Small Olive Circle: Some kind of fast growing conifer - a thuja or some kind of cypress
• Small Bright Green Circle: Hybrid Poplar (probably only keep 5 years and then cut)
• Small Pink Circle: Flowering ornamental to parallel future driveway
• Yellow Dashed Lines: Double wide future driveway
• Green Dashed Lines: Some upright hybrid willows to suck up some of the water in the soggy areas.
• Orange Dashed Lines: Property lines, easements, and setbacks